Plant Type: Fern
Hardiness Zones: 4-9
Size: 6-12 in. H
Leaf: Single, triangular, leathery frond; triangular frond segmented in three's (biternatum means, "twice divided in three's"); the fertile and sterile fronds are joined near the rhizome at or near groundlevel
Fruit: Spore casings are loose sporangia clusters that are large and round, looking like grapes
Special Attributes: Turns bronze color after frost unless covered by leaves
Natural Habitat: Bottoms, ravines, mesic woods and thickets in various pH with fairly rich soil
Cultural Notes: Shade to light shade
Propagation: Spore propagation is very difficult because gametophyes grow underground in the dark